Dmesg
dmesg command also called as “driver message” or “display message” is used to examine the kernel ring buffer and print the message buffer of kernel. The output of this command contains the messages produced by the device drivers.
Show kernel messages:
dmesg
Show kernel error messages:
dmesg --level err
Show kernel messages and keep reading new ones, similar to `tail -f` (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer):
dmesg -w
Show how much physical memory is available on this system:
dmesg | grep -i memory
Show kernel messages 1 page at a time:
dmesg | less
Show kernel messages with a timestamp (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer):
dmesg -T
Show kernel messages in human-readable form (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer):
dmesg -H
Colorize output (available in kernels 3.5.0 and newer):
dmesg -L